Hong Kong Mercantile Exchange

National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) was an Indian electronic spot commodity exchange launched in 2008, promoted by Financial Technologies (India) Ltd. NSEL offered electronic spot trading and warehouse-receipt financing for agricultural commodities and metals. In July 2013, NSEL was unable to meet settlement obligations totalling approximately ₹5,600 crore (~$900 million USD), resulting in one of India's largest commodity exchange scandals. SEBI and government authorities ordered a settlement freeze, suspended trading, and initiated investigations. NSEL has remained suspended since the 2013 default.

The Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE), established in 1993, is one of China's three major commodity futures exchanges, regulated by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). DCE is the world's largest exchange for iron ore futures by volume and a top global market for agricultural derivatives including soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil, corn, and palm oil. The exchange also lists industrial plastics (polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, PVC, ethylene glycol EG), energy products (LPG), and coking coal and coke contracts.

The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), founded in 1875 as the Native Share & Stock Brokers Association, is Asia's oldest stock exchange and one of the world's largest by number of listed companies. While primarily an equity and debt exchange, BSE offers commodity derivatives including base metals, agricultural products, energy, and precious metals via BSE's commodity segment. BSE is headquartered in Mumbai's financial district and is regulated by SEBI. It lists over 5,500 companies and provides critical infrastructure for India's capital markets.

The Iran Mercantile Exchange (IME), established in 2007 through the merger of the Tehran Metal Exchange and the Agricultural Commodity Exchange of Iran, is Iran's primary regulated commodity exchange. IME trades physical and derivatives contracts for industrial and mineral products (steel, copper, aluminium, zinc, iron ore), oil by-products and petrochemicals, and agricultural commodities. Supervised by Iran's Securities and Exchange Organisation (SEO), IME serves as a key price-discovery mechanism for Iran's large mineral and manufacturing sectors.