HedgeStreet Exchange

LedgerX was the first CFTC-regulated bitcoin derivatives exchange in the United States, offering bitcoin options and futures contracts to institutional and retail participants. Founded in 2013 and launching trading in 2017, LedgerX pioneered regulated crypto derivatives clearing. In 2021, it was acquired by FTX and rebranded as FTX US Derivatives. Following the catastrophic collapse of the FTX exchange group in November 2022, FTX US Derivatives ceased operations.

Flett Exchange was a New Jersey-based electronic exchange for environmental commodity credits, established around 2004. Flett specialised in US environmental market instruments including NOx (nitrogen oxide) allowances under the EPA SIP Call, SO2 (sulphur dioxide) allowances under the Acid Rain Program, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) carbon allowances, and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). The exchange served power generators, utilities, and compliance buyers navigating the complex US state and federal cap-and-trade regulatory frameworks for air emissions.

Houston Street Exchange was an early electronic over-the-counter (OTC) energy trading platform based in Houston, Texas, offering spot and forward contracts for crude oil and refined petroleum distillates. Launched in the late 1990s during the initial wave of online energy trading, the platform ceased operations in the early 2000s following the collapse of energy trading markets in the wake of the Enron scandal.

The U.S. Futures Exchange (USFE) was a Chicago-based electronic futures exchange founded in 2004 by a consortium including Goldman Sachs, Man Financial, and others, with the goal of introducing competition into the US Treasury and energy futures markets dominated by the CME and CBOT. Despite significant backing and low-cost trading incentives, USFE failed to attract sufficient liquidity from established market participants and closed operations in December 2007 after roughly three years of trading.